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Memoirs in Polish of Herman Baldgrien.
He was born in 1923 in Nowy Targ, studied in "heder" (Jewish religious preschool for boys) and in a Polish school, and joined the youth movements Ha - Shomer ha - Tsa'ir and Akiva.
Upon the outbreak of the war he fled to the mountains, was caught by the Germans and returned to his home, escaped a second time, was caught, and succeeded in fleeing to Sanok. On the way, a Ukrainian tried to turn him in but he was saved. He lived as a refugee in Lvov and worked in a lumber mill. Afterwards he spent much time wandering and supported himself working in sawmills, suffering hunger and illnesses. In 1942 he was required to get a Russian [sic] passport,and in May 1943 was conscripted into the "Koszciusko" Polish [army] division, completed an officer's training course, fought the Germans, and reached Berlin. Close